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Word Formation
Compounding Word- Process of adding two or more words to form a new word with hyphen or without hyphen.
for Instance- Household, Classroom,Mother-in- law.
Conversion- Kind of word formation to create new word by changing parts of speech.
Ex- Red( Adjective) - Redden( verb)
Free ( verb)- Freedom ( Noun).
Clipping- Kind of Word Formation that's process of reducing part or parts from stem word to create new word.
Clipping has four types -
1) Back Clipping- Back word is removed & Front word is retained.
Eg- Temperature- Temp, Rhinceros- Rhino, Gymnasium- Gym.
2) Fore clipping- Front word is removed and Back word is retained.
Eg- Helicopter - Copter, Aeroplane- Plane, Telephone- phone.
3) Mixed Clipping- Back and front word are removed, only middle one is retained.
Eg- Influenza- Flu , Refrigerator- Fridge.
4) Clipping Compound- Adding words into one by clipping.
Eg- Paratrooper - Parachute + Trooper.
Blending- Word is formed by combining two different words with different meanings.
Eg- Motel- Motor+ Hotel
Meld- Melt + Wild
Smog- Smoke + Fog
Splurge- Splash+ Surge
Brunch- Breakfast + lunch
Bash- Bank + Smash
Because - By + Cause
Fortnight- Fourteen+ Night
Flurry- Flutter + Hurry
Sitcom- Situation + Comedy
Romedy- Romance + Comedy
Tragedy- Tragic + comedy .
Loanword- Kind of word formation where word of one language is permanently adopted and incorporated into another language without translation.
Eg- Cafe( French) - Cafe ( English) means Coffee shop
Bazar( Persian)- Bazaar( English)
Kindergarten ( German) - Kindergarten ( English).
Guru( Hindi)- Guru ( English).
Back formation- Its opposite of Affixation. It's process of forming word by removing affix usually suffix from root word.
Eg- Donate- Donation
Act- Action
Free- Freedom.
Morphological Derivation- Forming a new word by adding either prefix or suffix.
prefixation- Word is used before stem word usually beginning. Its Derivational.
Suffixation- Used at ending of word. Its Derivational and inflectional.
Affixation- A morphine is added to stem word ro form a new word. Its used at beginning or ending of a word. it may be Derivational ( Prefix like Pre , a, Pro, Mis , dis & Suffix like Dom, ness , less ) or Inflectional ( Using Plural- S or Es & Past tense - Ed ).
Infection - Inflexion is word formation where Items ( Affix or vowel changes) are added to base word to form a new word with grammatical meaning.
Reduplication- Word formation is repetition of entire word and copies only part of a word. Word or a part of word is repeated with slight change to form a new word .
Eg- Dilly- Dally, Okey- Dokey, Hanky- Panky, Pitter- Patter, Bye- bye.
Abbreviation- Kind of word formation in which a word or phrase is shortened.
Eg- AM- Ante- Meridiam ; HIV ; DVD .
Acronym- A word is formed by combining only initial certain letters of words or phrase .
Eg- Google, Window, Yahoo, Ram , Nato.
Eponym- Word is formed from certain proper names.
Eg- Alexandrine- Alexander the great,
Platonic- Plato
Malapropism- Malaprop
Spoonerism- Spooner
Pindaric- Pindar
Juvenilian- Juvenile
Horatian- Horace.
© Wasim Azam
for Instance- Household, Classroom,Mother-in- law.
Conversion- Kind of word formation to create new word by changing parts of speech.
Ex- Red( Adjective) - Redden( verb)
Free ( verb)- Freedom ( Noun).
Clipping- Kind of Word Formation that's process of reducing part or parts from stem word to create new word.
Clipping has four types -
1) Back Clipping- Back word is removed & Front word is retained.
Eg- Temperature- Temp, Rhinceros- Rhino, Gymnasium- Gym.
2) Fore clipping- Front word is removed and Back word is retained.
Eg- Helicopter - Copter, Aeroplane- Plane, Telephone- phone.
3) Mixed Clipping- Back and front word are removed, only middle one is retained.
Eg- Influenza- Flu , Refrigerator- Fridge.
4) Clipping Compound- Adding words into one by clipping.
Eg- Paratrooper - Parachute + Trooper.
Blending- Word is formed by combining two different words with different meanings.
Eg- Motel- Motor+ Hotel
Meld- Melt + Wild
Smog- Smoke + Fog
Splurge- Splash+ Surge
Brunch- Breakfast + lunch
Bash- Bank + Smash
Because - By + Cause
Fortnight- Fourteen+ Night
Flurry- Flutter + Hurry
Sitcom- Situation + Comedy
Romedy- Romance + Comedy
Tragedy- Tragic + comedy .
Loanword- Kind of word formation where word of one language is permanently adopted and incorporated into another language without translation.
Eg- Cafe( French) - Cafe ( English) means Coffee shop
Bazar( Persian)- Bazaar( English)
Kindergarten ( German) - Kindergarten ( English).
Guru( Hindi)- Guru ( English).
Back formation- Its opposite of Affixation. It's process of forming word by removing affix usually suffix from root word.
Eg- Donate- Donation
Act- Action
Free- Freedom.
Morphological Derivation- Forming a new word by adding either prefix or suffix.
prefixation- Word is used before stem word usually beginning. Its Derivational.
Suffixation- Used at ending of word. Its Derivational and inflectional.
Affixation- A morphine is added to stem word ro form a new word. Its used at beginning or ending of a word. it may be Derivational ( Prefix like Pre , a, Pro, Mis , dis & Suffix like Dom, ness , less ) or Inflectional ( Using Plural- S or Es & Past tense - Ed ).
Infection - Inflexion is word formation where Items ( Affix or vowel changes) are added to base word to form a new word with grammatical meaning.
Reduplication- Word formation is repetition of entire word and copies only part of a word. Word or a part of word is repeated with slight change to form a new word .
Eg- Dilly- Dally, Okey- Dokey, Hanky- Panky, Pitter- Patter, Bye- bye.
Abbreviation- Kind of word formation in which a word or phrase is shortened.
Eg- AM- Ante- Meridiam ; HIV ; DVD .
Acronym- A word is formed by combining only initial certain letters of words or phrase .
Eg- Google, Window, Yahoo, Ram , Nato.
Eponym- Word is formed from certain proper names.
Eg- Alexandrine- Alexander the great,
Platonic- Plato
Malapropism- Malaprop
Spoonerism- Spooner
Pindaric- Pindar
Juvenilian- Juvenile
Horatian- Horace.
© Wasim Azam
